Friday, March 31, 2017

Cultivating Justice: Owning Our Story

John Calvin famously begins his Institutes of the Christian Religion in a surprising way, (for one whose reputation is rooted in dogmatic beliefs), by positing that there can be no knowledge of God without knowledge of self, and no knowledge of self without knowledge of God. This surprising beginning to our Reformed theological heritage sounds almost modern; could Calvin have predicted our culture’s turn toward the psychological?
What fascinates me in Calvin’s premise is the necessary interplay between God and self. Too often we assume that our beliefs are “objective,” “logic driven,” and “without bias.” In such moments, we fool only ourselves. The reality is that social and spiritual often merge, ethical and theological blend, our practice is driven as much by pituitary concerns as principle.
One of my favorite metaphors for spiritual formation is the comparison of the mirror and the window. It is easier to gaze out the window at your sin, your faults, your brokenness than to glance in the mirror at my sin, my faults, my brokenness. Even to glance into the mirror requires me to recognize that my beliefs are not as objective as I suppose, that my emotions play as large a role as logic, that my biases are children of my experiences.
Let me suggest that both a stare into the mirror and a searching look out the window are necessary components of cultivating a just society. Unless and until I own my story I cannot embrace our story or their story. Unless and until I own that my “privileged” childhood implanted into me unseen biases never will I be able to acknowledge the struggles endured by others raised without food security, without parents who read to them every night as children, without the multiple and myriad ways I have been blessed.
One of my formative experiences in owning my story was when I taught a children’s Bible club in inner-city Philadelphia as a college intern. I cannot forget the moment we resumed the club after a man had been shot at the other end of the open-air courtyard, after the police had come, after the ambulance had taken a man’s body to the morgue. Seven-year old Nathan sat on my lap as my co-teacher resumed telling the story of King David; Nathan was hardly listening. “Mr. Brad,” he said with tears filling his eyes, “I am only seven years old and already that is the second man I seen shot.” This was the moment I began to see that I had more to learn about God, life and the way of Jesus than I had previously imagined.
I continue to need to remember that my own perception of the good and just life is limited, finite, imbalanced because of the paltry amount of personal experience I have lived. It is because of this that I continue to need to hear others in their perceptions of the good and just life, to listen as others tell their stories of seeking dignity, searching to live honorably, hoping to provide for their families in ways that Jesus would affirm. Unless and until I look out the window to see them in their humanity, I can never fully participate in cultivating justice according to the way of Jesus.
           

What on earth are we doing for heaven’s sake,

Brad Munroe

Thursday, March 23, 2017

Cultivating Justice The Great Reversal

More traditional theologians call it “the Great Reversal”; liberation theologians call it “God’s preferential option for the poor.” What fascinates me is that traditional and liberation theologians use a more generic term (traditional theologians) versus a more pointed term (liberation theologians) to describe the same reality. One term is heard as “acceptable” (by some) versus “provocative” (by some) but both “camps” point to the same Scriptures to highlight God’s Lordship claim upon our lives: Jesus taught us to pray that God’s kingdom would come on earth as it is in heaven.
Consider the following upside-down, inside-out, right-side-in reversals and for whom they are aimed (all verses from the Gospel of Luke to keep it simple):
·         Mother Mary: “…he has scattered those who are proud in their inmost thoughts. He has brought down rulers from their thrones but has lifted up the humble. He has filled the hungry with good things but has sent the rich away empty.” (1:51-53)
·         Jesus: “The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me to proclaim good news to the poor. He has sent me to proclaim freedom for the prisoners, recovery of sight to the blind, to set the oppressed free….” (4:18)
·         Jesus again: “Blessed are you who are poor, for yours is the kingdom of God. Blessed are you who hunger now, for you will be satisfied. Blessed are you who weep now, for you will laugh.” (6:21)
·         Jesus again, this time to the Presbyter….errr, Pharisees: “…you neglect justice and the love of God. You should have practiced the latter without leaving the former undone.” (11:42)
·         Jesus yet again: “When you host a banquet, invite the poor, the crippled, the lame, the blind, and you will be blessed.” (14:13-14)
·         Jesus still today: “Indeed, there are those who are last who shall be first and first who shall be last.” (13:30).
If these verses do not cause you a sobering pause, my heart is sad for you, for the lack of a pause may reflect a hardness that needs to be softened or a brokenness that needs to be healed. Usually when I teach on cultivating justice, I have the class read many more Lukan Scripture to experience the tsunami of call to the Lordship of Christ in this area. It takes a lot to break through our veneer of having our act together as modern, overly educated, we-got-this Presbyterian Christians; blessed be: Luke has a lot more than we can hope or imagine and will break us (in a good, blessed way) if we will but allow it.
So, does God have a “preferential option for the poor”? I’m still too much of a traditionalist not to get squeamish by such language, for I know many folks who are rich whom God seems to love (and I count myself among these folks). Yet if we are to live into the fullness of the Lord’s Prayer we recite with such routine, embracing the obligation for reversal and welcoming the opportunities reversal offers us, is, at the barest minimum, a necessary first step.


What on earth are we doing for heaven’s sake,
Brad Munroe

Friday, March 17, 2017

Cultivating Justice: St. Patrick’s Day Edition

St. Patrick, legendary saint and evangelist of the Irish, is known for his Celtic spirituality. Celtic spirituality is grounded in the belief that God is a part of every aspect of the creation: every fiber and every cell, every breath and every hello. Celtic Christianity is not so much pantheistic (God is everything) as it is panentheistic (God is in or God touches or God connects with everything). Such a spirituality leads quite naturally toward a desire to cultivate justice.
One of St. Patrick’s more famous prayers is the “Christ in…” prayer, which says, in part, “May the Christ in me speak to the Christ in you that we may have fellowship one with another.” For Patrick, it is always before the individual Christian to see other people not according to their outward form but according to the divine mystery and divine grace that says we are each vessels in which the God of the Universe chooses to dwell. Such a spirituality leads quite naturally towards an ability to cultivate justice.
Being able to see one another as bearers of divine mystery and grace (c.f. 2 Corinthians 5:16) opens opportunities for the kind of depth conversations required of God’s people if God’s people are to seek the mind of Christ for the sake of the world. That is, seeing one another as Christ bearer’s is a prerequisite to deeply honest engagement that probes questions, explores possibilities, speaks with humility and listens with openness to those who may disagree with us. Only such honest engagement creates the kind of community that allows us to cultivate justice together.
I have a game I like to call “the spirituality of respect” game. Its rules are simple to understand even if they are difficult to live. The game goes something like this. Whenever two individuals or a faith community (where two or three are gathered in Jesus’ name) gather to discuss the mind of Christ for the sake of the world, and especially when it is known that surface disagreement exists, allow the dialogue to flow according to these rules:
1.      Acknowledge the weakest point in one’s own argument.
2.      Acknowledge the strongest point in other arguments.
3.      Ask probing questions of one another, seeking to see one another’s views in the best possible light.
4.      Seek to articulate areas of agreement in values, principles and practical choices that may impact the situation.

I am not saying that playing the spirituality of respect game with one another will always or even usually lead to agreement. Respect rather than agreement is the goal; even more, a deeper, more penetrating discernment is the goal. Such a discernment may allow the Body of Christ to engage the people in our communities not according to what is selfishly best for our own interests but what provides dignity, models compassion, and seeks justice for those in whom the living Christ dwells. May the Christ in
us speak to the Christ in them that we may have fellowship one with another.


Happy St. Patty’s Day,
Brad Munroe

Friday, March 10, 2017

Cultivating Justice in an Era of Polarization: Words Have Meaning

Words have meaning, and they have a meaning; that is, words have a particular definition and in Scripture words often have a peculiar definition. One of the unfortunate circumstances of our modern discourse on what constitutes “Jesus work” in the world is the vagueness, at times, of the English language. For example, the English word “justice” is open to all manner of interpretations; I know of very few Presbyterians who intentionally seek to be purveyors of injustice yet I know plenty of Presbyterians who disagree about what justice looks like for our communities.
Turning to the Biblical languages helps us clarify our meaning and to bring meaning to the word “justice.” In the Hebrew of the Old Testament, there are two words for justice: mishpat and tzedakah (with a silent “t”). Rabbi Jonathon Sacks says of mishpat:
Mishpat means retributive justice. It refers to the rule of law, through which disputes are settled by right rather than might. Law distinguishes between innocent and guilty. It establishes a set of rules, binding on all, by means of which the members of a society act in such a way as to pursue their own interests without infringing on the rights and freedoms of others.
But then he suggests that mishpat alone cannot create a just society; true justice also requires tzedakah, which Rabbi Sacks says conveys the meaning of distributive justice:
One can imagine a society which fastidiously observes the rule of law, and yet contains so much inequality that wealth is concentrated into the hands of the few, and many are left without the most basic requirements of a dignified existence. There may be high unemployment and widespread poverty. Some may live in palaces while others go homeless. That is not the kind of order that the Torah contemplates. There must be justice not only in how the law is applied, but also in how the means of existence… are distributed. That is tzedakah.
This distinction between retributive justice (mishpat) and distributive justice (tzedakah) is at the heart of many of our arguments between economic conservatives and economic liberals. While we can all imagine the extreme of an unjust society because of the breakdown of the rule of law by rampant political corruption (where mishpat has failed to be lived – “Idi Amin’s Uganda”), we can also imagine the extreme of an unjust society caused by discrepancies between the vast wealth of oligarchs feasting while the masses live in gross poverty (where tzedakah has failed to be maintained – “Let them eat cake!”).
Three quick questions leap to my mind: (1) how should a just person, a just Church, and a just society balance the requirements between retributive and distributive justice, between “the same rules must apply to all” (mishpat) and “the rules must all lead to dignity” (tzedakah)? (2) If one must choose between them, leaning in the direction of one or the other in a 60-40 or 40-60 split, which takes priority? (3) When Jesus was confronted with a situation where his choices required he lean more heavily toward one or the other, how did Jesus live?
What is striking to me is that, while we can and will argue as Presbyterian followers of Jesus how to balance these requirements between mishpat and tzedakah, what we cannot do is argue whether both are requirements. Words have meaning, and these two Biblical words for justice have a meaning; and now you know both their particular and peculiar definitions. Those who have ears to hear, may you hear the Word of the Lord.

Blessed to be a blessing,

Brad Munroe

Friday, March 3, 2017

Cultivating Justice in an Era of Polarization: What Burdens the Heart of God?


The opening prayer at the Ash Wednesday service had us pray in unison: “Lord God, our Rock and our Redeemer, help us to love as you love and to have our hearts burdened by what burdens your heart.” I was moved in the moment to wonder, “What burdens the heart of God?”
During Lent my series is on cultivating justice in an era of polarization. It is my thesis that, as Reformed Christians, in all conversations, but especially polarized conversations, we must look first to the Scriptures, look first to God’s heart, mind and will as expressed in God’s words and deeds. And what do we discover in the Scriptures about what burdens the heart of God? The answer is found in the predicate!
For those of us who cannot recall the specifics of our English grammar, (and I couldn’t until reminded by my wife who is taking Hebrew and connected the dots for me!), the predicate is what comes after the verb, as in God (subject) loves (verb – action) ____ (predicate)… but who is the predicate?Here is a brief, not-even-close-to-exhaustive list of Scripture verse on God calling for justice from his people, each taken from a different book. I have highlighted the predicates to make it easier for us to notice what, or more precisely, for whom God’s heart is burdened.
·         Exodus 23:6-7 - Do not deny justice to your poor people in their lawsuits.
·         Deuteronomy 24:17 - Do not deprive the alien or the fatherless of justice, or take the cloak of the widow as a pledge.
·         Ps 103:6 - The Lord works righteousness and justice for all the oppressed.
·         Proverbs 29:7 - The righteous care about justice for the poor, but the wicked have no such concern.
·         Isaiah 1:17 - Learn to do right! Seek justice, encourage the oppressed.  Defend the cause of the fatherless, plead the case of the widow.
·         Jeremiah 22:15-16 - "Does it make you a king to have more and more cedar? Did not your father have food and drink? He did what was right and just, so all went well with him. 16 He defended the cause of the poor and needy, and so all went well. Is that not what it means to know me?" declares the Lord.
·         Ezekiel 22:29 - The people of the land practice extortion and commit robbery; they oppress the poor and needy and mistreat the alien, denying them justice.
·         Amos 5:12, 24 - You oppress the righteous and take bribes and you deprive the poor of justice in the courts…But let justice roll on like a river, righteousness like a never-failing stream!
Who are the predicate in our communities? I am tempted to say, “I will let you draw your own conclusions,” but I don’t actually believe that is how these things work. Let me say rather, “May God’s Spirit direct your heart to be burdened by what burdens the heart of God.”
Blessed to be a blessing,

Brad Munroe